Narrowband Resting-State fNIRS Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Figures

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  Figure 1. Schematic representation of channel locations over the bilateral temporal lobes (A), and layout for the sources and detectors (B). The red circles represent the sources, and the blue circles represent the detectors, and the square between a source and a detector is a channel. There are 12 channels in each hemisphere.

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  Figure 2. The grand average of the correlation coefficients for HbO2 (A) and Hb (B) between the left and right hemisphere in each frequency band (from FB1 to FB12, in total 12 bands) for TD and ASD groups. The asterisks indicate that the differences in the correlation coefficient between ASD and TD are statistically significant (FDR-corrected q < 0.05), and the statistical powers are larger than 0.8. FDR-corrected q values on HbO2 are 0.0024, 0.0048, 0.0032, 0.0106, 0.0144, and 0.0048 for FB1, FB2, FB6, FB7, FB9, and FB10, respectively. FDR-corrected q value on Hb is 0.0116 for FB1. The error bar for each correlation coefficient is the standard error of mean.

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  Figure 3. The group average of correlation coefficients of HbO2 (A) and Hb (B) in FB1 band for each mirrored channel pair located symmetrically on the left and right temporal lobes. The digit pair in the parenthesis indicates the corresponding channel pair, e.g., r(1,14) is the temporal correlation coefficient between channel 1 and channel 14. The asterisks indicate the differences in the correlation coefficient between ASD and TD are statistically significant (FDR-corrected q < 0.05) for the channel pair, and the statistical powers are larger than 0.8. The error bar for each correlation coefficient is the standard error of mean.

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  Figure 4. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves obtained by using RSFC as discriminative features at several frequency bands in which RSFC is significantly different between the ASD and TD groups. The RSFC in each band is the mean of RSFC averaged over all channel pairs. AUC (FB1) = 0.806, AUC (FB2) = 0.783, AUC (FB6) = 0.797, AUC (FB9) = 0.734, and AUC (FB10) = 0.783. FPR, false-positive rate; TPR, true-positive rate.

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  Figure 5. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves obtained by using RSFC as discriminative features in the narrowband of 0.01–0.02 Hz (Narrow), Slow-5 band (Slow-5), and broadband of 0.009–0.08 Hz (Broad). The RSFC for each band is the mean of RSFC averaged over channel pairs showing significantly different connectivity between the ASD and TD groups. AUC (Narrow) = 0.867, AUC (Slow-5) = 0.817, and AUC (Broad) = 0.793. FPR, false-positive rate; TPR, true-positive rate.

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  Figure 6. Group average of the correlation coefficients in HbO2 (A) and Hb (B) for each mirrored channel pair locating symmetrically on the left and right temporal lobes in Slow-5 band. The digit pair in the parenthesis indicates the corresponding channel pair, e.g., r(1,14) is the temporal correlation coefficient between channel 1 and channel 14. The asterisks indicate the differences in the correlation coefficient between ASD and TD are statistically significant (FDR-corrected q < 0.05) for the channel pair, and the statistical powers are larger than 0.8. The error bar for each correlation coefficient is the standard error of mean.