Barnyardgrass [ Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], duck-salad [ Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.], hemp sesbania [ Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory], and northern jointvetch [ Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P.] significantly reduced rice [ Oryza sativa L.] yields. Damage to rice increased as populations of barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, and northern jointvetch increased. Barnyardgrass and duck-salad lowered yields during early season, but hemp sesbania and northern jointvetch decreased yields in late season.
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Roy J. Smith (1968) studied this question.
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