A Review of Important Virulence Factors of Vibrio vulnificus

This study aim to review important virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus that implicated in pathogen city of this bacteria, Vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative marine bacterium causing food borne infections include septicemia, gastroenteritis and wound infection in humans and marine vertebrates; as well as possess variety of virulence factors; the virulence factors of V. vulnificus are not yet well explained. The extracellular Capsule Polysaccharide (CPS) of V. vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows bacteria survival in the human host. The ability of V. vulnificus to cause disease is associated with the production of “Multifunctional-Auto processing RTX” (MARTXVv) toxin that encodes by RtxA1 gene, HlyU plays an essential role in regulation of the virulence of the human pathogen, HlyU regulate the expression of the repeat-in-toxin (RtxA1) gene, hemolysin gene (vvhA) play an additive role for pathogenesis of V. vulnificus. In this review we focus on the main important virulence factors, the extracellular Capsule Polysaccharide (CPS), RTX” (MARTXVv) toxin, Virulence-correlated gene (vcgC), adherence of bacteria to the host cells and resistance to acid stress. These virulence factors serve as a credible biomarker to detection of potentially virulent factors of V. vulnificus strains.