High-Performance Li-ion Batteries and Supercapacitors Based on Prospective 1-D Nanomaterials

One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials with superior specific capacity, higher rate capability, better cycling peroperties have demonstrated significant advantages for high-performance Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. This review describes some recent developments on the rechargeable electrodes by using 1-D nanomaterials (such as LiMn 2 O 4 nanowires, carbon nanofibers, NiM o O 4 · n H 2 O nanorods, V 2 O 5 nanoribbons, carbon nanotubes, etc.). New preparation methods and superior electrochemical properties of the 1-D nanomaterials including carbon nanotube (CNT), some oxides, transition metal compounds and polymers, and their composites are emphatically introduced. The VGCF/LiFePO 4 /C triaxial nanowire cathodes for Li-ion battery present a positive cycling performance without any degradation in almost theoretical capacity (160 mAh/g). The Si nanowire anodes for Li-ion battery show the highest known theoretical charge capacity (4277 mAh/g), that is about 11 times lager than that of the commercial graphite (∼372 mAh/g). The SWCNT/Ni foam electrodes for supercapacitor display small equivalent series resistance (ESR, 52 mΩ) and impressive high power density (20 kW/kg). The advantages and challenges associated with the application of these materials for energy conversion and storage devices are highlighted.