Biological atomic force microscopy (AFM) is now established as a method for studying the structure and function of biomolecular objects at the solid-liquid interface. Major progress in this field is linked to new developments in instrumentation, a better understanding of tip-sample interactions, and improved sample preparation techniques. In this review, the most common strategies for biomolecular immobilization with respect to biological AFM applications are summarized.
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Peter Wagner (1998) studied this question.
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