On an expansion method for black hole quasinormal modes and Regge poles

We present a new method for determining the frequencies and wavefunctions of black hole quasinormal modes (QNMs) and Regge poles. The key idea is a novel ansatz for the wavefunction, which relates the high- l wavefunctions to null geodesics which start at infinity and end in perpetual orbit on the photon sphere. Our ansatz leads naturally to the expansion of QNMs in inverse powers of L = l + 1/2 (in 4D), and to the expansion of Regge poles in inverse powers of ω. The expansions can be taken to high orders. We begin by applying the method to the Schwarzschild spacetime, and validate our results against existing numerical and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin methods. Next, we generalize the method to treat static spherically symmetric spacetimes of arbitrary spatial dimension. We confirm that, at lowest order, the real and imaginary components of the QNM frequency are related to the orbital frequency and the Lyapunov exponent for geodesics at the unstable orbit. We apply the method to five spacetimes of current interest, and conclude with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of the new approach, and its practical applications.