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T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MRI was used to determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects the blood-brain barrier or induces localized brain edema. In 11 healthy individuals, 1,200 to 3,800 stimuli were applied over the visual cortex of one hemisphere in series of 5-, 10-, or 20-Hz stimulus trains. MRI performed 6 minutes to 6 hours after rTMS did not show pathologic changes in conventional MRI sequences, after application of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), or by determining apparent diffusion coefficients.
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Niehaus et al. (2000) studied this question.
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