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Simultaneous observations of Jupiter's so‐called reradiated VLF radio emission by the Cassini and Ulysses spacecraft confirm that the emission is radiated into all directions in a pulse or strobe light‐like fashion. These observations rule out a source that corotates with the planet. Observations of the same VLF emission component during the Cassini distant flyby of Jupiter in early 2001 strongly suggest that the emission, which originates fairly close to the planet, is modified by the magnetosheath so that the magnetosheath acts as a leaky wave guide of VLF radiation.
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Kaiser et al. (2004) studied this question.
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