Bacterial Therapies in Cancer Treatment: Advances, Mechanisms, and Future Prospects

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and despite remarkable advances in treatment, chemotherapy remains the primary therapeutic approach. However, the emergence of drug resistance presents a major challenge, often limiting the efficacy of conventional treatments. As a result, developing novel therapeutic strategies has gained increasing importance in recent years. One such emerging approach is the use of bacteria in cancer therapy. Bacterial therapies offer unique mechanisms to target cancer cells and stimulate the immune response, providing a promising alternative to traditional treatments. This review aims to explore the potential of bacterial-based therapies in overcoming drug resistance and improving cancer treatment outcomes.