Changes over Time in Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) Levels Predict Long-Term Survival Following Acute Myocardial Infarction among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Figures

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  Figure A1. The mean values of HbA1C throughout the follow-up (by follow-up year) among patients who died and among survivors.

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  Figure A2. Mortality rates (%) according to the ∆HbA1C category in the rapid- and slow-changing groups. Rapid change—time interval of ∆HbA1C values < one year; slow change—time interval of ∆HbA1C values ≥ one year.

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  Figure 1. (a) The rates and the relative risks of mortality by HbA1C (adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI) categories; (b) The rates and the relative risks of mortality (adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) by HbA1C categories. (a,b) are the results of separate models. Abbreviations: adjOR—adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for repeated measures), CI—confidence interval, HbA1C—hemoglobin A1C, ∆HbA1C—the difference between two HbA1C tests (later–earlier).

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  Figure 2. The associations (adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals): (a) Between HbA1C and mortality; (b) Between HbA1C change (∆HbA1C) and mortality, adjusted for the potential confounders. The results of the combined model included HbA1C levels and ∆HbA1C, adjusted for: repeated measures, time from hospital discharge, age, sex, supraventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, chronic ischemic heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of a coronary artery bypass graft, atrioventricular block, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disorders, malignancy, anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, alcohol/drug addiction, type of acute myocardial infarction, severe left ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and three-vessel/left-main coronary arteries disease. Abbreviations: AdjOR—adjusted odds ratio, HbA1C—hemoglobin A1C, HbA1C change (∆HbA1C)—the difference between two HbA1C tests (later–earlier).

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  Figure 3. The relative risk (adjusted odds ratios) for mortality according to HbA1C changes in the rapid- and slow-changing groups. Rapid change—time interval of ∆HbA1C values < one year; slow change—time interval of ∆HbA1C values ≥ one year. The numbers represent the p-values for disparity (p for interaction) between the rapid- and slow-changing HbA1C (separately for each ∆HbA1C category). Adjusted for: repeated measures, HbA1C levels, time from hospital discharge, age, sex, supraventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, chronic ischemic heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of a coronary artery bypass graft, atrioventricular block, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disorders, malignancy, anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, alcohol/drug addiction, type of acute myocardial infarction, severe left ventricular dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy and three-vessel/left-main coronary arteries disease. Abbreviations: AdjOR—adjusted odds ratio, HbA1C—hemoglobin A1C, HbA1C change (∆HbA1C)—the difference between two HbA1C…