The geographic variation of the hemoglobin polymorphism HbI is reported in Danish populations of Zoarces viviparus L. and compared to that at the EstIII locus. Parallel clines in the two systems are present in the Danish belts; however, neither the cline on the west coast of Jutland nor the common trends in the gene frequency variation in the Kattegat fjords present in EstIII is found in HbI. Geographic differences in gene frequencies indicate that the Zoarces population in the belts is subdivided into smaller units with a restricted amount of intermixing. The mechanism of maintenance of these polymorphisms was investigated by an analysis of the distribution of combined HbI and EstIII genotypes in the samples from the Danish belts. There is no evidence of linkage disequilibrium and no difference between sexes or deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations in the two loci. Thus, a neutral as well as a selective explanation for the geographic variation fit the data.
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Hjorth et al. (2009) studied this question.
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