Key result
The E2 subunit vaccine provided complete protection against classical swine fever in pigs, similar to the C-strain vaccine, but elicited earlier and stronger E2 antibody responses.
Why the study?
Classical swine fever requires control, but classic C-strain vaccines do not allow differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals, and characteristics between C-vac and the licensed baculovirus-expressed E2 subunit vaccine had not been compared.
E2 subunit vaccine matches C-strain protection while enabling DIVA; leaves open field-scale eradication utility pending larger trials.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important viral diseases in swine, causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. In China, CSF is one of the key diseases that needs to be controlled; the government has implemented control measures, and vaccination with C-strain vaccines (C-vacs) has been compulsory since the 1950s. C-vacs do not allow the differentiation of field virus-infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In 2012, China proposed a goal of eradicating CSF. Additionally, a baculovirus-expressed E2 subunit vaccine (E2-vac) was licensed in 2018. However, the C-vac and E2-vac characteristics have not been compared. Here, we demonstrate that both the C-vac and E2-vac provide complete protection against CSF in pigs. The E2-vac allows DIVA, and the E2 antibody responses of stimulated pigs are developed earlier and are stronger than the C-vac antibody responses. Therefore, the E2-vac is a new candidate licensed vaccine to completely eradicate CSF on pig farms.
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Zhou et al. (2021) studied Classical swine fever (CSF). E2 subunit vaccine (E2-vac) vs. C-strain vaccine (C-vac) was evaluated on Protection against CSF and E2 antibody responses. The E2 subunit vaccine provided complete protection against classical swine fever in pigs, similar to the C-strain vaccine, but elicited earlier and stronger E2 antibody responses.
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