Key result
Socio-demographic vulnerabilities, such as being aged 40-49 years or widowed/separated, were associated with clustering of NCD risk factors.
Why the study?
The occurrence of NCDs among women is alarmingly high and impacts upcoming generations, but data on the clustering of NCD risk factors and socio-demographic determinants in Nepalese women were needed.
Cross-Sectional (n=6,396)
Yes
NCD risk factors such as smoking, overweight, and hypertension are disproportionately distributed and clustered among vulnerable groups of reproductive-aged women in Nepal, including older, widowed/separated, and Dalit women.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May identify high-risk subgroups for NCD prevention in Nepal; hypothesis-generating without causal or interventional data.
Globally, Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major killer diseases, majority of which are attributable to common risk factors like smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity and low fruits/vegetable consumption. Clustering of these risk factors increases the risk of developing NCDs. The occurrence of NCDs among women is alarmingly high, and this invites impact on upcoming generation too. So, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and clustering of selected risk factors and their socio-demographic determinants in Nepalese women using Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. NDHS applied stratified multi-stage cluster sampling to reach to the individual respondent for representing the whole nation. This study included analysis of data of 6,396 women of age 15 to 49 years. Chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple poisson regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratio was applied. A total of 8.91% participants were current smoker. Similarly, 22.19% and 11.45% of participants were overweight and hypertensive respectively. Around 6.02% of participants had a co-occurrence of two NCDs risk factors. Smoking, overweight and hypertension were significantly associated with age, education, province, wealth index and ethnicity. Risk factors were more likely to cluster in women aged 40-49 years (APR=2.95, CI: 2.58-3.38), widow/separated (APR=3.09, CI: 2.24-4.28) and Dalit) (APR=1.34, CI: 1.17-1.55). This study found that NCD risk factors were disproportionately distributed by age, education, socio-economic status and ethnicity and clustered in more vulnerable groups such as widow/separated, Dalit and Janajati.
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Bista et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Non-communicable disease risk factors (n=6,396). Socio-demographic vulnerability (e.g., older age, widow/separated status) vs. Younger or married women was evaluated on Clustering of NCD risk factors (APR 2.95, 95% CI 2.58-3.38). Socio-demographic vulnerabilities, such as being aged 40-49 years or widowed/separated, were associated with clustering of NCD risk factors.
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