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The spectra of the copper-like ions Ba 27+ , La 28+ , Nd 31+ , Sm 33+ , Gd 35+ , Dy 37+ , Er 39+ , Yb 41+ , Ta 44+ , and W 45+ have been observed with a laser-produced plasma and a 2.2 m grazing incidence spectrograph. Wave-lengths, energy levels, and ionization energies are presented for each of these ions.
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Reader et al. (1981) studied this question.
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