Integrative analyses identify potential key genes and calcium-signaling pathway in familial AVNRT using whole-exome sequencing

Background Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common arrhythmia. Growing evidence suggests that family aggregation and genetic factors are involved in AVNRT. However, in families with a history of AVNRT, disease-causing genes have not been reported. Objective To investigate the genetic contribution of familial AVNRT using a WES approach. Methods Blood samples were collected from 20 patients from nine families with a history of AVNRT and 100 control participants, and we systematically analyzed mutation profiles using whole-exome sequencing. Gene-based burden analysis, integration of previous sporadic AVNRT data, pedigree-based co-segregation, protein-protein interaction network analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing, and confirmation of animal phenotype were performed. Results Among 95 reference genes, seven pathogenic genes have been identified both in sporadic and familial AVNRT, including CASQ2, AGXT, ANK2, SYNE2, ZFHX3, GJD3 , and SCN4A . Among the 37 reference genes from sporadic AVNRT, five pathogenic genes were identified in patients with both familial and sporadic AVNRT: LAMC1, RYR2, COL4A3, NOS1 , and ATP2C2 . Considering the unique internal pathogenic gene within pedigrees, three genes, TRDN, CASQ2 , and WNK1 , were likely to be the pathogenic genes in familial AVNRT. Notably, the core calcium-signaling pathway may be closely associated with the occurrence of AVNRT, including CASQ2, RYR2, TRDN, NOS1, ANK2 , and ATP2C2 . Conclusion These results revealed the underlying mechanism for familial AVNRT.