Differential Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy, occurring in childhood, occurring when a gene is mutated that encodes proteins of sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric complexes. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the data of echocardiography, revealing structural changes in the heart muscle according to the type of hypertrophy, while the genesis of these changes remains unclear. The causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in childhood are diverse. Of great importance is the early diagnosis of metabolic forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, so in some cases regress of hypertrophy is possible against the background of enzyme-substitution or other drug therapy. The article presents a clinical (cardiac and extracardiac symptoms) and laboratory markers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mutations of genes of proteins of the sarcomeric complex, congenital metabolic disorders (glycogenoses, lysosomal pathology, fatty acid metabolism disorders, and mitochondrial diseases), genetic syndromes (Noonan, LEOPARD, Costello, cardio-fascial-cutaneous), neuromuscular diseases. The criteria for differential diagnosis of genetic forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial hypertrophy in athletes are presented.