Key result
High-level national competition depressed heart rate variability (SD1 effect size -2.21) and increased salivary alpha-amylase (effect size 2.32) in elite Paralympic swimmers.
Why the study?
Does a 14-week periodised swimming program alter heart rate variability and salivary markers of stress and immunity in elite Paralympic swimmers?
Observational (n=8)
Does a 14-week periodised swimming program alter heart rate variability and salivary markers of stress and immunity in elite Paralympic swimmers?
Standardized Mean Difference: -2.21
High-level national competition depresses HRV and increases salivary alpha-amylase, but a well-managed periodised training program maintains these indices within normal baseline levels in elite Paralympic swimmers.
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Competition may transiently impair autonomic balance in Paralympic swimmers; leaves open whether periodised programs sustain resilience.
Edmonds et al. (2015) conducted an observational in Elite swimmers with a disability (n=8). Chronic training and competition vs. Baseline (week 1) was evaluated on Heart rate variability (SD1) at week 7 compared to baseline (ES -2.21). High-level national competition depressed heart rate variability (SD1 effect size -2.21) and increased salivary alpha-amylase (effect size 2.32) in elite Paralympic swimmers.
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