Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic C−N Coupling for Urea Synthesis

Urea, one of the most widely used nitrogen‐containing fertilizers globally, is essential for sustainable agriculture. Improving its production is crucial for meeting the increasing demand for fertilizers. Electrocatalytic co‐reduction of CO₂ and nitrogenous compounds (NO₂ − /NO₃ − ) has emerged as a promising strategy for green and energy‐efficient urea synthesis. However, challenges such as slow reaction kinetics and complex multi‐step electron transfers have hindered the development of efficient urea synthesis methods. This review explores recent advances in the electrocatalytic C−N coupling process, focusing on bimetallic catalysts, metal oxide/hydroxide catalysts, and carbon‐based catalysts. The review also discusses the future prospects of designing effective catalysts for electrocatalytic C−N coupling to improve urea synthesis.