Features of emergency care for children and adolescents with severe bronchial asthma at the prehospital stage. Review

Aim . To analyze the domestic and foreign literature on the problems of emergency care in children and adolescents with severe bronchial asthma (BA) at the prehospital stage. Materials and methods . A total of 26 international and national sources dealing with issues relevant to BA were analyzed, including 10 papers published in the last 5 years. Results . At the prehospital stage, children and adolescents with severe forms of asthma need to carefully collect an anamnesis and an objective examination to identify a severe or critical course of the disease. The drugs of choice for asthma relief are β2‑agnoists and glucocorticosteroids, with the ineffectiveness of which methylxanthines, anticholinergics, magnesium sulfate and adrenaline are used. Oxygen therapy is mandatory, and in rare cases, tracheal intubation and artificial lung ventilation. Conclusion. The analysis of the literature is of practical importance for emergency physicians in providing emergency care to children and adolescents with severe forms BA at the prehospital stage.