The minor capsid protein VP1 of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice is dispensable for encapsidation of progeny single-stranded DNA but is required for infectivity

The two capsid proteins of minute virus of mice, VP1 and VP2, are generated from a single large open reading frame by alternate splicing of the capsid gene mRNA. Examination of the replication of a series of mutants that express only VP1, only VP2, or neither capsid protein demonstrates that VP2 is necessary for the accumulation and encapsidation of virus progeny single-stranded DNA. VP1 is dispensable for these functions but is required to produce an infectious virion. Virus that lacks VP1 binds to cells as efficiently as wild-type minute virus of mice but fails to initiate a productive infection. Because neither capsid protein is required for viral-DNA replication, these results suggest that virus lacking VP1 is blocked at a step during virus entry, subsequent to cell binding and prior to the initiation of DNA replication.