Impact of electromagnetic radiation on human reproduction health: Causes, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches

The effect of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the propagation of wave that has both electric and magnetic radiation, on human reproduction is a rapidly growing area of public health concern due to the widespread presence of wireless technologies. Studies have shown that EMR exposure induces testicular injury, lowers circulating testosterone, and impairs sperm quality. More so, EMR exposure alters female hormonal milieu, impairs oocyte quality and embryonic growth, and induces fetal anomaly and spontaneous abortions. Mechanisms implicated include the induction of oxidative stress, disruption of hormonal milieu, and DNA fragmentation. Although the findings are yet debatable, mounting evidence highlights the pertinent need to explore the short and long term impacts of EMR on human reproductive functions and to develop mitigating strategies to curtail the potential reproductive health consequences of EMR.