VLF sprites are identified by high angle scattering of VLF transmissions by the conducting plasma columns which appear as the luminous columns of “red sprites”. VLF sprites are “early/fast Trimpis” and probably vice versa. Recently discovered properties of early/fast Trimpis are the logarithmic decay of the amplitude of the scattered signal and monotonic variation of its phase. These properties are explained in terms of scattering from a vertical column or set of columns extending from 50 km (or lower) altitude to about 80 km.
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Dowden et al. (1997) studied this question.
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