Schematic Models for Distribution Systems Design. I: Combination Concept

This is the first of two papers dealing with schematic models for water distribution systems. Schematic models for use in preliminary design of water distribution systems are developed by two approaches: (1) A step‐wise combination of elements; and (b) a nonlinear continuum representation of the system as a whole. The objective is to create models that are equivalent to a detailed network model in terms of the computed distributions of heads and flows over the area, yet are much more efficient, and therefore enhance the engineering‐economic analysis. The step‐wise combination method is developed beyond existing procedures to consider more complex arrangements of pipes as well as water withdrawals, which vary along the pipes and with time.