Exploring the Potential of AI and Augmented Reality in Cardiovascular Disease Management: A Narrative Review

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their rising incidence demanding a shift toward more personalized treatment approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are two newly evolving technologies that have found extensive usage in the field of cardiovascular medicine and surgery. AI-based models involve machine learning and deep learning neural networks. These primarily form the basis of prediction models, allowing the prediction of risk, survival, and risk stratification of patients. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, and it included studies published between 2003 and 2024. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance and applicability to cardiovascular disease management using artificial intelligence (AI) and AR. Keywords used included "cardiovascular disease", "artificial intelligence", "augmented reality", "diagnostic imaging", and "risk prediction". Studies were screened manually for inclusion based on the title and abstract review, followed by full-text evaluation for relevance and quality. RESULTS: This narrative review highlights how artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are increasingly being applied in cardiovascular disease management. Despite recent studies, there remains a lack of proper evaluation of these models' efficacy, and therefore multiple large-scale trials are needed. DISCUSSION: Networks such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have been used to improve image interpretation and documentation processes. CONCLUSION: Further and larger studies are needed to test the efficacy and safety of these models. This narrative review summarizes recent findings in AI and AR and offers perspectives on future research.