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The excess losses and dispersion in fluoride-glass single-mode fibers are theoretically evaluated. Microbending, splicing, coating material, and fiber stranding are considered as the causes of the excess losses. Based on these evaluations, the design for ultralow-loss fluoride-glass single-mode fibers is carried out. Relative refractive-index difference of 0.43
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Tokiwa et al. (1986) studied this question.
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