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A diffractive optical element is used to relay complex laser beam profiles by phase conjugation. It has the advantage over a conventional afocal system of avoiding light concentration at the intermediate focal point. Theoretical and experimental results show that the image quality is a function of alignment errors and mode-size changes. When the optical system is within the calculated tolerances, the diffractive optic reproduces images of high quality.
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Makki et al. (1997) studied this question.
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