Prevalence and Characteristics of Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension and Masked Nocturnal Hypertension in a Tertiary Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires

Jessica Barochiner; Romina R. Díaz; Rocío Martínez

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13081419

April 14, 2023DiagnosticsOpen Access

Prevalence and Characteristics of Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension and Masked Nocturnal Hypertension in a Tertiary Hospital in the City of Buenos Aires

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Why the study?

Isolated nocturnal hypertension and masked nocturnal hypertension increase cardiovascular risk, but their prevalence and characteristics are not clearly established and seem to differ among populations.

What is the prevalence and what are the characteristics associated with isolated nocturnal hypertension and masked nocturnal hypertension in hypertensive patients?

Structured PICO

What is the prevalence and what are the characteristics associated with isolated nocturnal hypertension and masked nocturnal hypertension in hypertensive patients?

P

Population

958 hypertensive patients ≥ 18 years who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) between October and November 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Buenos Aires.

O

Outcome

Prevalence and associated characteristics of isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) and masked nocturnal hypertension (MNH)surrogate

Isolated nocturnal hypertension and masked nocturnal hypertension are frequent among hypertensive patients, with prevalences of 15.7% and 9.7% respectively, highlighting the importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Implication

Single-center INH/MNH prevalence estimates may refine local ABPM indications; leaves open generalizability and outcome impact.

Abstract

Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) and masked nocturnal hypertension (MNH) increase cardiovascular risk. Their prevalence and characteristics are not clearly established and seem to differ among populations. We aimed to determine the prevalence and associated characteristics of INH and MNH in a tertiary hospital in the city of Buenos Aires. We included 958 hypertensive patients ≥ 18 years who underwent an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) between October and November 2022, as prescribed by their treating physician to diagnose or to assess hypertension control. INH was defined as nighttime BP ≥ 120 mmHg systolic or ≥70 diastolic in the presence of normal daytime BP (<135/85 mmHg regardless of office BP; MNH was defined as the presence of INH with office BP < 140/90 mmHg). Variables associated with INH and MNH were analyzed. The prevalences of INH and MNH were 15.7% (95% CI 13.5-18.2%) and 9.7 (95% CI 7.9-11.8%), respectively. Age, male sex, and ambulatory heart rate were positively associated with INH, whereas office BP, total cholesterol, and smoking habits showed a negative association. In turn, diabetes and nighttime heart rate were positively associated with MNH. In conclusion, INH and MNH are frequent entities, and determination of clinical characteristics such as those detected in this study is critical since this might contribute to a more appropriate use of resources.