The complex wave number in lossy photonic crystals composed of microplasmas was verified experimentally by measuring the refractive index and the transmittance in a microwave range. These experimental results coincide with the dispersion relation obtained by a modified plane-wave expansion method. In particular, an extraordinary reduction of attenuation was observed in a certain frequency band, which is attributed to a loss term in the dielectric function and periodicity in the structure. These results indicate that a method of dynamic control for electromagnetic waves can be realized using of the dispersion relation in complex space.
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Naito et al. (2008) studied this question.
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