Research progress on the relationship between autoimmune hemolytic anemia and viral infection

INTRODUCTION: Viral infection serves as an important precipitating factor for AIHA, and patients undergoing treatment remain susceptible to such infections. OBJECTIVES: This review focuses on the effects of viral infection on AIHA pathogenesis, infection risks associated with treatment, and preventive strategies. METHODS: Literature review method. RESULTS: Viruses mainly induce autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) through direct adsorption, molecular mimicry, and cytokine secretion. During treatment, patients with AIHA are susceptible to viral infections and reactivation of pre-existing viruses due to immunosuppression. DISCUSSION: It points out that clinical practice currently lacks standardized prevention, control, and treatment protocols for virus-associated AIHA, and there are no unified guidelines. Further in-depth basic and clinical research is required in the future to elaborate on the mechanisms linking viral infection and AIHA in detail, laying a foundation for subsequent systematic clinical diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION: Viral infection is a significant risk factor influencing morbidity and mortality in AIHA patients. During clinical management, vigilant monitoring of common viral infections and their potential reactivation is warranted, and prophylactic antiviral strategies may be considered.