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December 8, 2025BloodOpen Access

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: Two challenging cases

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Authors

CNCharlotte NaworNMNoah MehrFAFatima Aldarweesh

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Overview

Case report reveals complexities of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in HIV patients, suggesting urgent need for better transfusion and immunomodulation strategies.

Key Points

  • To highlight the management challenges of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in patients with HIV and investigate poor outcomes despite treatment.
  • Case report of two patients with HIV and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • Assessment of laboratory findings including direct antiglobulin test and antibody screens
  • Interventions included plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy
  • Monitoring of hemoglobin levels and response to transfusions
  • Patient 1 had severe anemia and complex antibody profiles; management included plasmapheresis
  • Patient 2 demonstrated documentation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with low hemoglobin and required multiple transfusions
  • Both patients experienced poor outcomes and declined rapidly despite aggressive treatment

Cite This Study

Nawor et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/693624d74fa91c937236d172https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2025-6441
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Delayed-Onset Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Advanced HIV With Cerebral Toxoplasmosis2026
  2. 2Fatal Cytokine Collision: HLH–AIHA in Advanced AIDS—Case Report and Literature Review2025
  3. 3Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with an initially negative direct antiglobulin test: A diagnostic challenge2025
  4. 4Recurrent Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia With Evans Syndrome and High-Risk Relapse Features: A Case Report2026
  5. 5Challenges in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case-based approach. Experience from a tertiary care hospital in the Haryana region2024