What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine how stakeholder perspectives mediate tourism-conservation dynamics and evaluate Budowski's conflict-coexistence-symbiosis continuum within a protected biosphere reserve.

August 19, 2026Journal of Ecotourism

Stakeholder perspectives and gateway communities: revisiting Budowski’s framework through ecotourism dynamics in Lebanon’s Shouf Biosphere Reserve

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

HHHanadi Hakim LBLiliane Buccianti Barakat

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Mixed-methods study demonstrates that governance and education mediate ecotourism outcomes in biosphere stakeholders, indicating that true symbiosis requires equitable learning processes.

Key Points

To examine how stakeholder perspectives mediate tourism-conservation dynamics and evaluate Budowski's conflict-coexistence-symbiosis continuum within a protected biosphere reserve.
Conducted a mixed-methods investigation combining a structured survey of local visitors (n = 419) with 20 semi-structured stakeholder interviews in the Shouf Biosphere Reserve, Lebanon.
Performed documentary analysis of national environmental policy documents, NGO reports, and investigative media records.
Local residents and visitors with tourism-related education demonstrated higher ecotourism awareness and stronger stewardship behaviors signaling emerging symbiosis.
Participants lacking conceptual clarity exhibited fragile coexistence and resistance to reserve conservation rules.
Qualitative analysis identified fragmented governance, concession creep, and discursive sustainability as drivers of conflict and coexistence, while targeted environmental education facilitated symbiosis.

Cite This Study

Hakim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85639d03308d306e2d6ee6 https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2026.2718073

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

August 19, 2026Journal of Ecotourism

Stakeholder perspectives and gateway communities: revisiting Budowski’s framework through ecotourism dynamics in Lebanon’s Shouf Biosphere Reserve

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

HHHanadi Hakim LBLiliane Buccianti Barakat

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Mixed-methods study demonstrates that governance and education mediate ecotourism outcomes in biosphere stakeholders, indicating that true symbiosis requires equitable learning processes.

Key Points

To examine how stakeholder perspectives mediate tourism-conservation dynamics and evaluate Budowski's conflict-coexistence-symbiosis continuum within a protected biosphere reserve.
Conducted a mixed-methods investigation combining a structured survey of local visitors (n = 419) with 20 semi-structured stakeholder interviews in the Shouf Biosphere Reserve, Lebanon.
Performed documentary analysis of national environmental policy documents, NGO reports, and investigative media records.
Local residents and visitors with tourism-related education demonstrated higher ecotourism awareness and stronger stewardship behaviors signaling emerging symbiosis.
Participants lacking conceptual clarity exhibited fragile coexistence and resistance to reserve conservation rules.
Qualitative analysis identified fragmented governance, concession creep, and discursive sustainability as drivers of conflict and coexistence, while targeted environmental education facilitated symbiosis.

Cite This Study

Hakim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a85639d03308d306e2d6ee6 https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2026.2718073

Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark