Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Creating a broad, bloodless, and clearly defined dissection plane is pivotal for endoscopic thyroidectomy.1 We present an air–saline hybrid method that combines limited air insufflation with epinephrine–saline infiltration to rapidly establish the working space while reducing bleeding, electrosurgical resistance, and scope fogging.2
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: