A Hybrid MCDM Approach for SDGs Assessment of EU Countries

This study assesses the progress of EU countries in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The evaluation covers 27 countries and is based on 15 indicators for the 2019–2021 period. The MPSI-RAPS model was employed to determine indicator weights and rank the alternatives. To ensure robustness, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted across 16 scenarios. The final rankings from the MPSI-RAPS model identified Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany as the top-performing countries in sustainable development progress. Notably, rankings varied significantly across scenarios, underscoring the impact of methodological choices on outcomes.