Electric-Field-Induced Patterns in Soft Viscoelastic Films: From Long Waves of Viscous Liquids to Short Waves of Elastic Solids

We show that the electric field driven surface instability of viscoelastic films has two distinct regimes: (1) The viscoelastic films behaving like a liquid display long wavelengths governed by applied voltage and surface tension, independent of its elastic storage and viscous loss moduli, and (2) the films behaving like a solid require a threshold voltage for the instability whose wavelength always scales as approximately 4xfilm thickness, independent of its surface tension, applied voltage, loss and storage moduli. Wavelength in a narrow transition zone between these regimes depends on the storage modulus.