Trends and disparities in non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Current status and trends of NCD mortality in Western Pacific region and its 37 respective countries/areas in the Western Pacific region. a. Status in age-standardised mortality rates due to non-communicable diseases by sex in 21 countries and areas in the Western Pacific region in 2019. b. Compositional NCD crude mortality by sex in Western Pacific region and 5 select countries, 2000–2019. c. Overall age-standardised NCD mortality by sex in Western Pacific region and 5 selected countries, 2000–2019. Data on mortality rates were obtained from the World Health Organization Noncommunicable diseases: Mortality (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/ncd-mortality).

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  Fig. 2. Association between age-standardised mortality rates due to non-communicable diseases and potential risk factors in 21 countries and areas in the Western Pacific region in 2019. a. gross domestic product; b. Mean year of schooling; c. Percentage of the population aged ≥65; d. Current health expenditure; e. Prevalence of undernourishment; f. Energy use per capita. Data on age-standardised mortality rates were obtained from the World Health Organization Noncommunicable diseases: Mortality (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/topic-details/GHO/ncd-mortality). Data on the risk factors were obtained from the World Bank Open Data (https://data.worldbank.org). Each point represents one country or area, and countries and areas are colored by region. USD: United States dollars; HICs: high-income countries; UMICs: upper-middle-income countries; LMICs: lower-middle-income countries.

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  Fig. 3. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in overall Western Pacific region and selected countries in the Western Pacific region. Data on the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension were obtained from the World Health Organization Noncommunicable diseases: Risk factors (https://www.whoi.nt/data/gho/data/themes/topics/noncommunicable-diseases-risk-factors).

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  Fig. 4. Major causes and drivers of increased non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region.29,54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 Describe the major causes and drivers that contribute to non-communicable diseases. CRD, Chronic Renal Disease; CVD, Cardiovascular Disease; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; HICs, high-income countries; HTN, hypertension; M, men; NCD, non-communicable diseases; PSD, post-stroke depression; W, women; WRP, Western Pacific region.