Design and Cryogenic Operation of a Hybrid Quantum-CMOS Circuit

Tomorrow's electronics will be ``beyond CMOS'', but the transition can and should be smoothed, to take full advantage of what we already know and use well. In proof of principle, the authors combine a Coulomb-blockade device with a standard circuit for generating rf signals. The combination is completely dc tunable, and remarkably works down to a very cold 2 K. Such co-integration of quantum and conventional CMOS circuitry draws upon solid-state device physics, microelectronics engineering, and advanced processing---a truly interdisciplinary achievement.