Key result
A structured lifestyle programme in primary care significantly reduced the estimated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease from 24.8% at baseline to 21.4% at 1 year.
Why the study?
Despite known preventive benefits of lifestyle changes for CVD risk, scientific evaluations of primary care lifestyle programmes are scarce, and structured counselling is rarely integrated into clinical practice.
Does a structured lifestyle programme reduce cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year CVD risk in patients newly diagnosed with hypertension, T2DM, or IGT?
Observational (n=404)
No
Does a structured lifestyle programme reduce cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year CVD risk in patients newly diagnosed with hypertension, T2DM, or IGT?
A structured lifestyle program in primary care significantly improved cardiovascular risk factors and reduced the 10-year risk of CVD by 14% in high-risk patients.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support primary care lifestyle programmes; leaves open confirmation in randomized outcome trials.
Background: Despite well-known preventive effects for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk through lifestyle changes, scientific evaluations of lifestyle programmes in primary care are scarce. Moreover, structured lifestyle counselling is still not integrated in everyday clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate change in cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham 10-year risk score of developing CVD in men and women at high cardiovascular risk after participation in a structured lifestyle programme over 1 year. A single-group study was carried out with a 1-year follow-up including before and after measurements. Methods: The lifestyle programme comprised five appointments to a district nurse over 1 year, focussing on lifestyle habits based on motivational interviewing. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The 10-year risk of CVD was calculated according to Framingham general CVD risk score. Results: A total of 404 patients were included in the study. There was a positive change over 1 year in the total study population for all risk factors evaluated. This included improvements in weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipids, and fasting glucose. The 10-year risk of developing CVD decreased for the total population from 24.8% to 21.4% at 1 year, equivalent to a 14% decrease. Conclusions: A structured lifestyle programme in primary care contributes to significant improvements of cardiovascular risk factors and the reduction of 10-year risk for CVD for both men and women at high cardiovascular risk.
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Lönnberg et al. (2020) conducted an observational in High cardiovascular risk (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance) (n=404). Structured lifestyle programme vs. Baseline (before-and-after study design) was evaluated on Framingham 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (MD -3.4%, 95% CI -4.1 to -2.7, p=<0.001). A structured lifestyle programme in primary care significantly reduced the estimated 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease from 24.8% at baseline to 21.4% at 1 year.
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