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Total fertilization failure (TFF) refers to the complete inability of all oocytes in a human IVF cycle to undergo fertilization, even after the administration of intracytoplasmic sperm injection therapy (ICSI). Currently, oocyte activation insufficiency could explain the occurrence of TFF; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Calcium signaling plays a crucial role in oocyte activation events. Following fertilization, oocytes from humans and animals exhibited notable calcium oscillations. Abnormal calcium oscillations following fertilization could be the primary cause of TFF. Examining the literature revealed numerous attempts to investigate the primary cause and discover an effective solution for that alarming occurrence. The most commonly used regimen to overcome oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) is the addition of Calcium, which cannot induce the proper oscillation needed for fertilization. This literature review seeks to address the issue of fertilization failure (FF) by examining the various factors associated with this occurrence and investigating the available techniques for artificial oocyte activation following ICSI.
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Adel et al. (2024) studied this question.
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