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Amorphization process associated with cluster implants has been studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy for P4 cluster implants (5 keV equivalent monomer energy) as a function of dose and compared to that of monomer P implant at the same equivalent energy. Amorphous pockets are formed by the cluster implant at doses of as low as 6×1013/cm2, and a continuous amorphous layer is formed at dose of 2×1014/cm2. The reduction by about 2.5 times in amorphization threshold by clusters with respect to the monomer implant is a consequence of the simultaneous deposition of energy carried by the atoms in the clusters, which enhances the damage yield in the overlapped collision cascades.
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Romano et al. (2009) studied this question.
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