Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and its management by the Unani System of Medicine: A Review

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal condition that is very common, relapses frequently, and severely lowers a patient's quality of life. IBS is still a treatment issue in contemporary gastroenterology. It is characterized by stomach pain, bloating, and changed bowel habits without any obvious anatomical or biochemical abnormalities. Conventional medicines are often focused primarily at symptomatic relief, frequently providing poor long-term outcomes and raising risks of negative side effects. The Unani system of medicine, an ancient and holistic therapeutic tradition, views functional gastrointestinal diseases from a broad perspective, emphasizing the restoration of Akhlaat (humoral balance). Objectives: This review aims to systematize and explore the management of IBS within the framework of Unani medicine. Methods: Classical Unani literature and contemporary PubMed/Scopus-indexed research on gastrointestinal disorders and Unani formulations were reviewed and synthesized. Results: Important classical conditions that parallel IBS mechanisms are Zalaqul Ama and Ishal-e-Dimaghi. A solid rational foundation for symptom treatment is provided by therapies that target Su-e-Mizaj (altered temperament) and restore Quwwat-e-Masika (retentive faculty). Conclusion: Unani medicine provides a safe, effective, and long-lasting therapeutic paradigm by addressing the disorder's physical and psychological aspects. To further validate these traditional therapies, clinical studies and scientific standards are advised.