Dealing with complaints in services

Proposes a refined conceptual framework for understanding the holistic process of service failure and service recovery for managers from a customer's point of view. The framework focuses on three main dimensions that are of particular relevance for service recovery research. The main dimensions are: awareness, process quality, and intent. The framework provides a holistic understanding of the antecedents and consequences of customer (dis) satisfaction in service failure and presents implications for management. It also presents an agenda for future research in this area.