The fairness of lineups and photospreads is a traditional concern of research and policy development in the area of eyewitness identification. Quantification of fairness, the construction of fairness indices, and the development of evaluation procedures started in the 1970s and continues to this day. This paper reviews the historical development of the field as an introduction to the articles that follow. The entire set of articles addresses current questions and raises new issues of measuring the fairness of identification procedures.
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Malpass et al. (1999) studied this question.
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