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Direct Ink Writing (DIW) was used to fabricate ceramic scaffolds with tailored geometries and porosity for catalytic applications. The thermal conversion of boehmite (AlOOH) to γ -alumina ( γ -Al₂O₃) was studied to optimize sintering for a γ -/ δ -Al₂O₃ duplex microstructure. Ceramic inks (20–35 wt.% solids) with Pluronic F-127® were 3D-printed and treated at 450-600 °C. Complete AlOOH-to- γ -Al₂O₃ transformation occurred at 450 ºC with structural integrity. Scaffolds showed 10-12% shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical properties comparable to Cold Isostatic Pressing. In ethanol dehydration, γ -/ δ -Al₂O₃ scaffolds sintered at 600 ºC achieved ~95% ethanol conversion and higher ethylene yield versus ~10% for γ -Al₂O₃-only scaffolds at 450 ºC.
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Cruz et al. (2025) studied this question.
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