It is shown that holes on the A and B sublattices of a spin-s antiferromagnet behave as charges ±{}s coupled to a gauge field a_μ(n), n being the local order parameter. This general formalism can be pursued very far in d=1 where the finite-hole-concentration problem is described by massless fermions coupled to the {σ} model. Many exact results follow: Holes superconduct, destroy the quasi-long-range order, and wipe out the {Θ} term which distinguishes between integer and half-integer models or describes bond-strength alternation.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
R. Shankar (1989) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 3 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: