Macroscopic and Microscopic Structure of Electromagnetic Wakefield

Applying various stimuli to excite large-amplitude electrostatic structure within plasmas is a basic idea of plasma-based acceleration. However, because these stimuli are usually magnetized, whether or not their wakes within plasmas are purely electrostatic should be cautiously treated. By strict theory on self-consistent fields of charged particles, we make detailed investigations on the wakes of those magnetized stimuli and the acceleration by electromagnetic wakes.