Carotid cavernous fistulas are abnormal communications between the carotid artery or its branches and the cavernous sinus. It can be traumatic or spontaneous. The widely accepted treatment is by detachable balloons. Advancements in the field of endovascular medicine made available other options for the treatment of this condition. Covered stents are widely available and offer preservation of the parent artery while occluding the fistula.
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Petrov et al. (2021) studied this question.
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