Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Left Ventricular Geometry among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with and Without Dialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), one of the major public health concerns, are at risk for left ventricular (LV) remodeling. To optimize the prevention of LV remodeling, Vitamin D supplements can be incorporated into standard care, yet results are inconsistent across studies. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Vitamin D supplementation on LV geometry among patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Scilit, EuropePMC, and Web of Science, as of June 7, 2024. We carefully selected studies reporting the effect of Vitamin D and its analogs on LV geometry among patients with chronic kidney disease. Meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models with a restricted maximum likelihood method, computing the mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Ten studies were finally included, comprising 394 and 377 in intervention and control groups, respectively. Our findings revealed that the supplementation was given as cholecalciferol ( n = 3), ergocalciferol ( n = 1), calcitriol ( n = 2), alfacalcidol ( n = 1), and paricalcitol ( n = 3). We found that the supplement did not alter LV mass index (SMD = 0.19 [95% CI: −0.44–0.82]). No statistical significance was also observed on LV end-diastolic diameter (SMD = −0.46; 95% CI: -1.00–0.08), LV end-diastolic volume effect (SMD = −0.00; 95% CI: −0.27–0.27), and LV end-systolic volume (SMD = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.36–0.06). Conclusion: In conclusion, with a limited amount of evidence, Vitamin D supplementation has no significant effect on LV remodeling among CKD patients.