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R&D-based innovations have important roles in value adding in an enterprise. Maintaining and/or increasing certain levels of innovation can be possible with a continuous innovation program in the company. At first glance, improving value-add seems to be an issue that can be analyzed at the micro level. Actually, improving it is the first link in the chain that ends with a national innovation system. Therefore, innovation must be taken into account for all value-add studies and evaluated on a global level.
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Girgin et al. (2017) studied this question.
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