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The calculation of global or mean characteristics - variance, skewness and excess - of energy level spectrum, using their explicit expressions, is described. The usefulness of these characteristics for the estimation of accuracy of approximation and configuration mixing effects, for the investigation of spectral regularities and the influence of various interactions on the structure of spectra is illustrated by comparing the results obtained theoretically and from experimental spectra for nd N , 4 f N , 4 d 9 4 f N , 4 p 2 + 4 s 4 d configurations in various atoms and ions. The correspondence of the atomic state distribution to the normal distribution is considered when the number of levels increases in the complex configurations of Tc and Eu ions.
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Kučas et al. (1993) studied this question.
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