Nanocrystalline, nominally undoped films of CeO 2– x undergo large (0.8–2 %) lateral expansion after local substrate removal and formation of freestanding membranes (see Figure). The structural, optical, and electrical properties are consistent with the hypothesis that substrate removal triggers disordering of oxygen vacancies leading to this expansion, which occurs irrespective of whether tensile or compressive stress existed in the films.
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Nair et al. (2003) studied this question.
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